ORTHOGNATIC SURGERY

Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to correct various misalignments and irregularities of the jaw and facial bones. It is often used to treat conditions such as malocclusion (improper bite), skeletal discrepancies, facial asymmetry, and obstructive sleep apnea. The surgery aims to improve both the functionality and aesthetics of the face by repositioning the jaws and aligning them properly.
During the procedure, the surgeon makes incisions in the jawbones, carefully repositions them according to a pre-determined treatment plan, and secures them in the new position using plates, screws, or wires. The surgery may involve modifications to the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both. Orthognathic surgery is typically performed in collaboration with an orthodontist, as braces or other orthodontic appliances are often used before and after the surgery to ensure optimal results. The overall goal of orthognathic surgery is to achieve facial harmony, improve bite function, and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Orthognathic surgery is an effective treatment option for several common misalignments and conditions affecting the jaw and facial bones. One such condition is malocclusion, which refers to an improper alignment of the teeth and jaws. This can include an overbite (upper jaw protrusion), underbite (lower jaw protrusion), crossbite (misalignment of the upper and lower teeth), and open bite (lack of vertical overlap between the upper and lower teeth). Orthognathic surgery can correct these misalignments by repositioning the jaws and improving the bite relationship.
Additionally, skeletal discrepancies, such as a receding or protruding jaw, can be addressed through orthognathic surgery. These discrepancies may result in facial asymmetry, difficulty with speech or chewing, and self-esteem issues. By surgically repositioning the jawbones, orthognathic surgery can bring balance and harmony to the facial features, improving both function and aesthetics. Furthermore, orthognathic surgery is often recommended for individuals with obstructive sleep apnea, a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive breathing pauses during sleep. By repositioning the jaws and enlarging the airway space, orthognathic surgery can help alleviate sleep apnea symptoms and improve overall breathing and quality of life for these patients.

The Benefits of Orthognathic Surgery for Facial Harmony
Orthognathic surgery offers numerous benefits for achieving facial harmony. One of the primary advantages is the improvement in facial aesthetics. By correcting misalignments of the jaw and facial bones, the surgery can bring balance and proportion to the overall facial appearance. Patients often experience a more symmetrical and harmonious facial profile, which can significantly enhance their self-confidence and self-esteem.
In addition to aesthetic improvements, orthognathic surgery can also address functional issues related to the jaw and bite. Misalignments of the jaws can lead to difficulties in chewing, biting, speaking, and even breathing. By repositioning the jaws and improving the bite relationship, orthognathic surgery can restore proper function and alleviate discomfort. Patients often report improved speech clarity, better chewing efficiency, and an overall improvement in their ability to perform daily activities.
Moreover, orthognathic surgery can have long-term benefits for oral health. Correcting malocclusions and misalignments can reduce the risk of dental problems such as tooth wear, gum disease, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. By aligning the jaws and improving the occlusion, orthognathic surgery helps distribute the forces of chewing more evenly, reducing the strain on the teeth and supporting structures.
Overall, orthognathic surgery offers a comprehensive approach to address both functional and aesthetic concerns, ultimately improving facial harmony and quality of life for individuals with jaw misalignments.

The orthognathic surgery process involves several stages, starting from the initial consultation to post-operative care. Pre-operative planning is crucial, and it usually involves consultations with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist, and sometimes other specialists. The surgical team will conduct a thorough examination, including x-rays, scans, and dental impressions, to assess the patient's condition, develop a treatment plan, and determine the precise surgical approach.
Once the treatment plan is established, the patient undergoes orthodontic treatment to align the teeth and create a stable bite before surgery. This preparation phase may involve wearing braces or using other orthodontic appliances for several months or even years, depending on the individual case.
The actual surgery is typically performed in a hospital setting under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the jawbones and carefully repositions them according to the pre-determined plan. The bones are stabilized using small plates, screws, or wires, and the incisions are closed. In some cases, additional procedures such as genioplasty (chin surgery) may be performed to achieve optimal facial balance.
After the surgery, a period of post-operative recovery and healing follows. The patient may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which can be managed with prescribed medications and cold compresses. A liquid or soft-food diet is often recommended initially, gradually progressing to a regular diet as healing progresses. Regular follow-up visits with the surgical and orthodontic teams are essential to monitor progress, make any necessary adjustments, and ensure proper healing.
Orthognathic surgery requires patience and commitment from the patient, as the full healing process may take several months. However, the results can be life-changing, with improved facial aesthetics, enhanced bite function, and overall improved oral health and quality of life.

Deciding whether orthognathic surgery is right for you involves a thorough evaluation of your specific condition, goals, and expectations. The first step is to consult with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon who specializes in orthognathic surgery. During the consultation, the surgeon will assess your jaw alignment, facial structure, and overall oral health. They will also discuss your concerns, symptoms, and desired outcomes.
Orthognathic surgery is typically recommended for individuals with significant jaw misalignments that cannot be corrected through orthodontic treatment alone. If you experience difficulties with biting, chewing, speaking, or breathing due to jaw misalignment, orthognathic surgery may be a suitable option. Additionally, if you have facial asymmetry or aesthetic concerns related to your jaw or bite, orthognathic surgery can help improve your facial harmony and overall appearance.
It is important to understand that orthognathic surgery is a major surgical procedure and requires a commitment to pre-operative preparation, the surgery itself, and post-operative recovery. Recovery times can vary, and it may take several months to fully heal and see the final results. Open and honest communication with your surgical and orthodontic teams, as well as a realistic understanding of the potential risks and benefits, will help determine if orthognathic surgery is the right choice for you.

Orthognathic surgery offers different options for correcting jaw alignment based on the specific needs of each individual. The surgical approach is tailored to the extent and nature of the jaw misalignment and may involve modifications to the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both.
In cases of an overbite (protruding upper jaw), the surgeon may perform a maxillary impaction, which involves repositioning the upper jaw upward and backward to achieve a more balanced profile. On the other hand, an underbite (protruding lower jaw) may require a mandibular setback, where the lower jaw is repositioned backward to achieve proper alignment with the upper jaw.
Crossbites, where the upper and lower teeth do not meet correctly, can be corrected through orthognathic surgery by repositioning either or both jaws to achieve proper alignment. In some instances, the surgeon may need to perform a segmental osteotomy, which involves cutting the jawbone into sections and repositioning them individually to achieve the desired bite relationship.
Genioplasty, or chin surgery, is another technique commonly performed in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. It involves repositioning or reshaping the chin to enhance facial balance and aesthetics.
The specific surgical approach will be determined by the individual's condition, treatment goals, and the expertise of the surgical team. Through a comprehensive evaluation and discussion with your surgeon, you can explore the orthognathic surgery options available and determine the most appropriate course of treatment for achieving optimal jaw alignment and facial harmony.

One of the primary goals of orthognathic surgery is to improve bite function. Jaw misalignments can lead to difficulties in biting, chewing, and speaking, which can impact a person's overall quality of life. Orthognathic surgery addresses these functional issues by repositioning the jaws and aligning the teeth properly.
By correcting malocclusions such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites, orthognathic surgery ensures that the upper and lower teeth come together in a harmonious and stable bite relationship. This allows for the proper distribution of biting forces, which helps prevent excessive wear on the teeth and reduces the risk of dental problems.
Orthognathic surgery can also alleviate strain on the jaw joints (temporomandibular joints or TMJs) and the surrounding muscles. TMJ disorders often result from jaw misalignments and can cause pain, clicking, popping, and restricted jaw movement. By repositioning the jaws into proper alignment, orthognathic surgery can help alleviate TMJ-related symptoms and improve jaw functionality.
Furthermore, improved bite function achieved through orthognathic surgery can enhance speech clarity and pronunciation. Misalignments of the jaws can affect the positioning of the tongue and other articulatory structures, leading to speech difficulties. By aligning the jaws properly, orthognathic surgery can improve speech function and articulation, enabling clearer and more confident communication.
Overall, orthognathic surgery plays a crucial role in improving bite function by realigning the jaws, achieving a stable and functional bite relationship, and alleviating associated issues such as TMJ disorders and speech difficulties.

Recovery and aftercare following orthognathic surgery are essential for a successful outcome. The recovery process can vary from person to person, but there are some general aspects to consider.
Immediately after surgery, patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort around the surgical site. Pain medication and cold compresses can help manage these symptoms. It is important to follow the surgeon's instructions regarding pain management and any prescribed medications.
During the initial phase of recovery, a liquid or soft-food diet is typically recommended to avoid putting excessive stress on the jaws. As healing progresses, the diet can be gradually advanced to include softer solid foods and eventually a regular diet. It is important to follow the recommended dietary guidelines provided by the surgical team to promote healing and minimize complications.
Maintaining proper oral hygiene is crucial during the recovery period. The surgical team will provide specific instructions on how to clean the mouth, including brushing techniques, rinsing with antibacterial mouthwash, and avoiding certain foods and behaviors that may interfere with healing.
Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled with the surgical and orthodontic teams to monitor the progress of healing, make any necessary adjustments, and track the post-operative changes in the jaw alignment and bite relationship.
It is important to note that the full recovery process may take several months, and each individual's healing timeline may vary. It is essential to be patient and follow the post-operative care instructions diligently to achieve the best possible results. With proper care and adherence to the recommended guidelines, patients can expect improved jaw function, facial aesthetics, and overall well-being following orthognathic surgery.

Orthognathic surgery not only improves bite function but also addresses various aesthetic concerns related to the jaw and facial structure. Many individuals with jaw misalignments experience facial asymmetry, a lack of facial harmony, and overall dissatisfaction with their appearance. Orthognathic surgery can provide transformative results in addressing these aesthetic concerns.
By repositioning the jaws and aligning the facial bones, orthognathic surgery can enhance facial symmetry and balance. The surgeon carefully plans the surgical approach to achieve optimal aesthetic outcomes, taking into consideration the patient's facial features and desired results. The procedure can help bring the features into proportion, resulting in a more harmonious facial profile.
Orthognathic surgery can also have a significant impact on the overall appearance of the chin. Genioplasty, often performed in conjunction with orthognathic surgery, allows for reshaping and repositioning of the chin to achieve better facial balance. This can correct a receding or protruding chin, resulting in improved facial aesthetics and a more pleasing profile.
In addition to the structural changes, orthognathic surgery can contribute to overall facial rejuvenation. As the misalignments are corrected, the skin around the jawline and lower face may appear smoother and more toned, giving a more youthful appearance.
It is important to have open and honest discussions with the surgical team about your aesthetic concerns and goals. They can provide a thorough evaluation, discuss the potential changes that can be achieved through orthognathic surgery, and help set realistic expectations. Orthognathic surgery has the potential to not only improve bite function but also enhance facial aesthetics, leading to a boost in self-confidence and a positive impact on overall well-being.

Orthognathic surgery encompasses various surgical techniques and approaches to address specific jaw misalignments and achieve optimal results. The choice of technique depends on the nature and severity of the misalignment, as well as the individual patient's needs. Here are some commonly used surgical techniques in orthognathic surgery:
• Sagittal Split Osteotomy (SSO): This technique is commonly used to correct mandibular (lower jaw) misalignments. The surgeon makes a horizontal cut in the mandible to create a "split," allowing them to reposition the jaw into the desired alignment. Once the jaw is repositioned, small plates, screws, or wires are used to stabilize the bone.
• Le Fort Osteotomy: Le Fort osteotomies are used to address misalignments in the maxilla (upper jaw). There are three different types of Le Fort osteotomies: Le Fort I, Le Fort II, and Le Fort III. Each type involves making precise cuts in the maxilla to reposition the jawbone as needed. Le Fort I osteotomy is the most commonly performed technique and is used to correct misalignments in the upper jaw.
• Genioplasty: Genioplasty is a technique used to reshape and reposition the chin. It can be performed in conjunction with orthognathic surgery to improve facial balance and aesthetics. Genioplasty involves making precise cuts in the chin bone to reposition it or augment it with the use of implants. This technique can address receding or protruding chins and achieve better facial harmony.
• Segmental Osteotomy: In some cases, when there are multiple misalignments or complex jaw discrepancies, segmental osteotomies may be performed. This technique involves making cuts in the jawbone to create segments, which can then be repositioned individually to achieve the desired alignment. Segmental osteotomies allow for precise correction of specific areas of the jaw.
The specific surgical techniques and approaches will be determined based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's condition and treatment goals. The surgeon will discuss the recommended technique and explain the surgical process in detail during the pre-operative consultations.

Like any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery carries certain risks and potential complications. It is important to be aware of these risks and have an open discussion with your surgical team to make an informed decision. Some of the risks and complications associated with orthognathic surgery include:
• Infection: Infections can occur at the surgical site, although they are relatively rare. Precautions such as antibiotic prophylaxis and proper sterile techniques are taken to minimize the risk of infection.
• Bleeding: Some degree of bleeding is expected during and after surgery. However, excessive bleeding can occur in rare cases, requiring intervention. Your surgical team will closely monitor your condition and take appropriate measures to control bleeding.
• Nerve injury: There is a risk of temporary or, rarely, permanent nerve injury during the surgery. This can lead to altered sensation, numbness, or tingling in the lips, chin, or tongue. Most nerve injuries resolve over time, but it is important to discuss this potential risk with your surgeon.
• Jaw joint problems: Orthognathic surgery can impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which may lead to jaw joint problems such as pain, limited jaw movement, or clicking sounds. These issues are typically temporary and resolved during the recovery process.
• Relapse: In some cases, there may be a risk of relapse, where the corrected jaw position gradually shifts back toward the pre-surgical alignment. This can occur due to factors such as inadequate stabilization or poor compliance with post-operative instructions. Regular follow-up visits and compliance with post-operative care instructions can help minimize the risk of relapse.
• Aesthetic dissatisfaction: While orthognathic surgery aims to improve facial aesthetics, there is a possibility of aesthetic dissatisfaction or unanticipated cosmetic outcomes. It is crucial to have realistic expectations and discuss your desired outcomes with your surgical team beforehand.
It is important to note that the risks and complications associated with orthognathic surgery are generally rare, and most patients have successful outcomes. Your surgical team will thoroughly evaluate your case, discuss the potential risks, and take steps to minimize them. They will provide detailed pre-operative and post-operative instructions to optimize your safety and recovery.

Orthognathic surgery can be a transformative treatment option for individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete blockage of the upper airway during sleep, leading to breathing difficulties and disrupted sleep patterns. Orthognathic surgery can address the anatomical causes of OSA and improve breathing, resulting in enhanced quality of life.
In cases where OSA is caused by jaw misalignments or structural issues, orthognathic surgery can be highly effective. By repositioning the jaws, the surgeon can enlarge the airway space and improve airflow during sleep. This helps to alleviate breathing obstructions and reduce the frequency and severity of apnea episodes. As a result, individuals experience improved sleep quality, reduced daytime fatigue, and an overall improvement in their quality of life.
Orthognathic surgery for OSA is typically performed in collaboration with sleep medicine specialists and pulmonologists who diagnose and manage sleep-related breathing disorders. A thorough evaluation is conducted to assess the specific causes of OSA and determine if orthognathic surgery is a suitable treatment option. The surgical procedure is tailored to address the underlying structural issues and optimize airway function.
It is important to note that orthognathic surgery is not the first-line treatment for OSA and is typically reserved for cases where other conservative treatments, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, have not provided sufficient relief. A comprehensive evaluation and consultation with a multidisciplinary team of specialists will help determine if orthognathic surgery is the right choice for managing OSA and improving breathing and overall quality of life.

Orthognathic surgery has the potential to transform the lives of individuals who undergo the procedure. Many patients report significant improvements in both their physical appearance and quality of life. Here are some common themes from patient testimonials regarding the life-changing results of orthognathic surgery:
Improved Self-Confidence: Correcting jaw misalignments can have a profound impact on self-esteem and self-confidence. Patients often express newfound confidence in their appearance, feeling more comfortable and positive about their smiles and overall facial aesthetics. This boost in self-confidence extends beyond physical appearance and can positively influence personal and professional interactions.
Enhanced Functional Abilities: Orthognathic surgery not only improves facial aesthetics but also addresses functional issues related to the jaw and bite. Patients frequently report improved bite function, which translates into easier chewing, better speech clarity, and enhanced overall oral function. They can enjoy a wider range of foods, speak with greater clarity, and experience improved comfort in their daily activities.
Relief from Discomfort and Pain: Jaw misalignments can cause discomfort, pain, and even temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Orthognathic surgery can alleviate these symptoms by realigning the jaws and reducing stress on the TMJ and surrounding structures. Patients often experience a significant reduction in pain and discomfort, leading to a better quality of life and an improved ability to engage in normal activities without discomfort.
Positive Impact on Relationships: Orthognathic surgery can have a positive impact on interpersonal relationships. Patients often express improved social interactions and a willingness to engage more fully in

Orthodontics plays a crucial role in the success of orthognathic surgery. It is common for orthodontic treatment to be incorporated before and after surgery to ensure optimal outcomes. Here are the key roles of orthodontics in the orthognathic surgery process:
Pre-surgical Orthodontics: Before the surgery, orthodontic treatment is often necessary to align the teeth and create a stable bite relationship. This preparation phase can involve wearing braces or other orthodontic appliances for a while. The goal is to achieve dental alignment and coordination between the upper and lower teeth, which provides a solid foundation for the surgical repositioning of the jaws.
Collaborative Treatment Planning: Orthodontists work closely with oral and maxillofacial surgeons to develop a comprehensive treatment plan. Through detailed examination, dental impressions, and radiographic imaging, the orthodontist provides valuable input on the alignment and positioning of the teeth and jaws. This collaboration ensures that the surgical and orthodontic components of the treatment are coordinated effectively.
Interdisciplinary Treatment: Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery are often combined in a multidisciplinary approach to address complex jaw and facial discrepancies. Orthodontic treatment helps to optimize tooth alignment and bite relationship, while orthognathic surgery focuses on repositioning the jaws. By working together, these two specialties can achieve functional and aesthetic improvements for patients with jaw misalignments.
Post-surgical Orthodontics: After orthognathic surgery, orthodontic treatment continues to fine-tune the occlusion and ensure long-term stability. Orthodontic appliances, such as braces, are used to further refine the alignment of the teeth and optimize the bite relationship. This phase of treatment allows for the final adjustments needed to achieve the desired functional and aesthetic outcomes.
The coordination and collaboration between the orthodontist and the oral and maxillofacial surgeon are critical for successful orthognathic surgery. This interdisciplinary approach ensures that the teeth, jaws, and facial structures are harmoniously aligned, resulting in improved function, facial aesthetics, and overall oral health.

How long does the orthognathic surgery procedure take?
The duration of the surgery varies depending on the complexity of the case. It can range from a few hours to several hours.

Will I have scars after orthognathic surgery?
In most cases, the incisions for orthognathic surgery are made inside the mouth, resulting in no visible external scars.

How long is the recovery period after orthognathic surgery?
The recovery period can vary, but most patients can expect several weeks of initial healing and several months for a full recovery. It is important to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your surgical team.

Will I need braces before and after orthognathic surgery?
Orthodontic treatment, including braces or other orthodontic appliances, is often part of the treatment plan before and after orthognathic surgery. The braces help align the teeth and create a stable bite before surgery and ensure proper alignment and occlusion afterward.

Will orthognathic surgery improve my speech?
Yes, orthognathic surgery can improve speech clarity and pronunciation. Correcting jaw misalignments can positively impact the positioning of the tongue and other articulatory structures, resulting in improved speech function.

Are there any age restrictions for orthognathic surgery?
Orthognathic surgery can be performed on individuals who have stopped growing, which is usually around late adolescence or early adulthood. However, age limitations can vary depending on individual circumstances and the recommendation of the surgical team.